Peening tool



Aug. 18, 1931. w. c. HOLDEN PEENING TOOL Filed Deo. 5, 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet l W. C. HOLDEN PEENING TOOL Aug. 18, 1931.

Filed Dec. 5. 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR W/l//V C. #0l DEM y HIS Patented ug. 18', 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE WILLIAM C. HOLDEN, F OSSIN'ING, NEW 'YORK PEENING TOOL Application filed` December 3, 1929. Seria1 No. 411,289.

the pistons from the cylinders and without removing the connecting rods.

Frequently, in continued. use of internal combustion engines objectionable noises arise from the slapping of the pistons against the cylinder walls, due to excessive clearance between the pistons and the. cylin. der walls which is usually the result of wear.

The present practice in eliminating this objection involves the removal ofthe pistons and connecting rods from the cylinders, which operations require considerable labor and greatly increase the cost of this work. The diameters of the pistons are then increased by peening the interior walls thereof so that the pistons will fit the cylinders less loosely.

Heretofore it has usually beennecessary to remove the piston from the engine and to :G supply new pistons or to treat old pistons with such tools as may be available as a bench work job or otherwise.

The princlpal object of the present invention therefore is to provide a peening tool 23 with which the walls of a iston may be peened while the piston is 1n the cylinder and the connecting rod remains connected therewith', for the purpose of overcoming piston slapping. With such a tool it is 40 necessary only to remove the crank casing or oil pan and insert the peening tool into the lower open end of the piston between the wall thereof and the connecting rod. In the various embodiments of the invention, the peening tool is operated at high speed by mechanical, electrical or pneumatic means and is adapted to enlarge very efficiently and accurately the diameterpof the piston in the vicinity of the wristl pin'by` a succession of blows.

. the piston While the present invention is described herein more specifically in connection with the removing of piston slapping it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the apparatus may be used with slight modifications for a variety of purposes, such as for example, the removal of indentations in automobile bodies, or of dents in fenders by inserting the tool between the damaged fender and the 'wheel of the automobile. Further objects of the vinvention will be apparent from the following description talllrerli)L in conjunction with the drawings, in w 1c Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine showing an embodiment of the present invention actuated by a pneumatic 'or electric device and in operative position between the ,connecting rod and the piston wall;

.Fig 2 is a plan view of one form of the peening tool with means for connecting the same with a pneumatic actuating device;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an' embodiment of the present invention operated mechanically Fig. 4 is aside view in cross-section of a. modification form thereof;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the`line 5 5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal view partly in section; and f Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line 7-7 of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a simplified form of the peening tool.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings the numeral 1 findicates the cylinder of an internal combustion engine in which the piston 2 reciprocates in the usual manner. The peening tool, indicated in a general way by the numeral 3 in Fig. A1, is of such generalproportions, as shown, that it may be inserted into between the wall 4 thereof and the wrist pin housing or the connecting rod 5. The peening tol 3 is preferably operated by a pneumatic yor electric device 6 or by other suitable means, as willvbe hereinafter described. In operation peeningtool 3 is moved over the wall 4 of the piston, whilev impa-rting blows thereto in rapid succession until the piston has been expanded so that it fits less loosely in the cylinder.

Referring now to Figs. 2, 3, and to 7 inclusive, the construction of one form of the present invention will now be described.

The numeral 7 indicates a substantially vcylindrical supporting member provided with an enlarged portion 9 depending from its lower surface and adapted to absorb or reduce the recoil of the tool. The rear end of the casing 7 is provided with a connecting member 8 which permits it to be attached to the pneumatic device or hammer4 6. The forward end .of this member is somewhat tapered as indicatedY at 10 to permit the tool to be used in narrow laces. The casing or supporting member has a longitudinal groove 11 preferably rectangular extending almost the entire length of the casing and terminating in the arc shaped or angular surface 12 in the Jforward end of the member in which the reciprocating member 13 slides. This member is resilient, particularly at its forward end and carries the peening head 14. The upper surface of the reciprocating member normally lies slightly below the surface of the supporting member as shown more clearly in Fig. 7. A retaining plate 15 having a spring 16 on its lower face is xed over the groove 11 in the supporting member to prevent the reciprocating member from falling out.

The reciprocating member 13 isresilient and its forward end is turned up or off-set as indicated at 14. The outer end thereof constitutes the peening head and in this embodiment the reciprocating member and the peening head are preferably integral. The rear end of the reciprocating member 13 is provided with a depending projection or toe 17 which abuts against the end of the supporting member to limit the forward move- Yso `so momentarily projects the hea ment of the reciprocating member.

The reciprocating member is normally urged forward Aby means of the spring 18 positioned in a recess 19 in the supporting member fand is connected to the screws 2O and 21 in the supporting and reciprocating members respectively. As the reciprocating member moves forward the turned up end 14 strikes the curved or angularsurface 12 at the end of the longitudinal groove in the supporting member and forces the reciproeating member outward so that the head thereon strikes the surface to be eened and above the surface of the supportin member as shown by the dotted lines in ig. 6.r The reciprocating member is moved rearwardly by the rotation of a cam 22 located in the recess 23 cut in the side of the supporting member and contacts with a pin or follower 24 xed on the reciprocating member 13. The cam 22 is rotated by a projecting connection 25A extending outward from the face of the cam and is adapted to be connected to a suitable flexible shaft as shown at 26 by the broken lines in Fig. 5. Said shaft may be connected to the projection 25 by a chuck, as indicated at 27, or otherwise. I

Referring to Fig. 5 it willbe seen that the cam 22 is supported by a shaft 28 which extends through the supporting member 7 and is provided. at its outer end with a screw-threaded portion upon which the nut 29 is placed to hold the shaft in position. A suitable handle 30 is screwed on or otherwise attached to the rear end of the casing 7. This form of the device also may be operated pneumatically as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, or electrically as will be understood by one'skilled in the art.

In the modification of the invention, as in Fig. 4. the numeral 31 indicates an outer casing which is provided with a resilient funnel-shaped enlargement 8 at its rear end which is adapted to be placed over the end of a pneumatic or electric actuating device as indicated in Fig. 1, thereby connecting the peening tool to such a device. The casing 31 may,- and preferably is, substantially cylindrical as shown and is provided at its forward end with a depending enlargement 9 of comparatively great mass, which is adapted to absorb the recoil of the apparatus when in use. The forward end of the casing is preferabl made smaller as indicated at 10, soV that t e apparatus may be easily inserted in narrow spaces-as illustrated in Fig. 1.

`A resilient member 32 is mounted on the forward upper surfaceof the casing 31 and is held in position by one or more screws- On the forward end thereof `a peening head 35 is located vand the latter `is preferably an. integral part of the resilient member 32 and is adapted to impart blows in ra id succession to the surface being peene It will, ofcourse, be appreciated that the forms of the resilient member and its associated peening head may be modified. as occasion requires for various kinds of peening or straightening operations. A

The resilient member 32 is forced outward by a reciprocating member 46 which slides in the casing 31 and is provided with a shank 47 adapted to be inserted in the end of a pneumatic or electric hammer to receive blows from the reciprocating partA lthereof. The peening head is retracted by double bevel as indicated at 48 and\ acts Vas iso a wedge between the bevel surface 49 on the resilient member and the bevel surface 50 on the casing 31 to force the resilient member and the peening head outward from the casing. The rear end of the rod 46 is provided with an annular collar 51 which abuts against the surface 52 onl the interior vof the casing to limit the forward movement of the rod.

The simplified form of the device illustrated in Fig. 8'of the drawings is particularly adapted for use with a pneumatic or electric and automatic actuating device or hammer. .l

In that figure the numeral 53 indicates the casing or supporting member of the peening device. This member has a longitudinal groove 54 milledor otherwise cut therein, the left hand end of which terminates in a union or connection 55 which is adapted to be screwed into or otherwise attached to the end 56 of an electrical or pneumatic hammer. The numeral 57 indicates the reciprocating member or hammer of such an automatic'device. The groove 54 is adapted to receive a preferably rectangular reciprocating member 58 which terminates in a peening head at its forward end 14 similarto those shown in Figs. 3 and 6. The rear end of the reciprocating member 58 is preferably cylindrical where it passes through the coupling 55 and forms a shank which is operated by the hammer member 57. The forward end of the casing 53 which terminates the groove 54, is provided with an inclined or angular surface 59 and the peening head 14 has a lcorresponding surface which slides on the former, as indicated in Fig. 8. The reciprocating member 57 of the. hammer 56 forces the reciprocating member 58 of the tooloutward to produce the blow of the peening head 14 upon the part being peened or hammered.L

Upon the retraction of the reciprocating 'member 57l of the hammer 56 the spring action of the member 58 and the pressure of the'tool upon the work tends to force the peening head 14 inward and the reciprocating^member 58 is therefore retracted slightly. These motions occur successively during the peening or hammering action..

Having thus illustrated and described these embodiments of the invention, it is not to be understood that the invention is limited to the arrangements of parts and `the details set forth, for these may bealtered as the occasion requires and the construction of the apparatus may be otherwise modified by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth" in the appended claims.

What I claim as new and desire to protect bIy Letters Paent is 1. n a peening tool for changing the shape or dimensions 'of hollow bodies having narrow working spaces and-having no reactive surfaces, such as between internal piston walls and connecting rods of pistons of internal combustion engines while in position in a cylinder block, the combination which comprises a outer casing having a fixed reaction portion carried thereby, a reciprocating member slidably mounted thereon, and afpeening head co-operating with said member for striking lateral blows at points, substantially opposite said reactive portion.

2. A peening tool comprising an outer casing having a reaction portion, a laterally movable peening head in said casing, means for guiding said head in a lateral direction, resilient means for holding said head in its operative position and a reciprocating member for forcing said head outward and to vibrate the same.

3. A 'peening tool comprising, an outer grooved casing having a reaction portion, a movable peening head adapted to vibrate laterally therein, resilient -means for holding said head in its operative position, and a y reciprocating member operative upon said head to vibrate the same, said casing and said head being provided with inclined surfaces to cause lateral movement of said head.

4. A peening tool comprising, an outer grooved casing having a weighted reaction portion, a reciprocatlng member therein,

and a resilient member having a peening head thereon adapted to impart blows upon the surface being peened in a lateral direction with respect to the reciprocation of said member, said peening head being actuioo atedl by the reciprocating member, each of spect to the reciprocation of said member,

said peening head having an angular surface lying adjacent the first ynamed angulary surface, whereby said reciprocating 'member is adapted to cause said inclined surfaces to vibrate the peening head laterally.

6. A peening tool comprising an outer casing provided at its forward end with anangular surface, a longitudinally reciprocating member in said casing provided with an angularl surface near its outer end and which is adapted to act against the angular surface on said casingand having a peening head thereon adapted to impart blows upon the surface being peened in a lateral direction with respect to the reciprocation of said member, said peening head being actuated by the reciprocating member.

7. A peening tool comprising, an outer casing provided with an interior angular surface near its forward end, a reciprocatingmember in said casing provided with an angular surface near its forward end which is adapted to act against the angular surface of said casing during the forward movement of said member and a resiliently mounted peeninghead carried adjacentthe forward end of said casing and adapted to impart blows upon the surface being peened in a lateral direction with respect to the reciprocation of said member.

8. In combination with an automatic hammer, a peening tool comprising, an outer casing adapted to be placed over the end of said hammer, a reciprocating member in said casing provided with a shank adapted to be operated by said hammer and to receive blows therefrom, a resilient member, and a peening head thereon, adapted to impart blowsu upon the surface being peened in a lateral direction with respect to the reciprocation of said member, said peening head being actuated by said reciprocating member.

9. In combination with an automatic hammer, a peening tool comprising an outer casing provided with a connecting enlargement at one end adapted to engage the end of the hammer, a reciprocating member in said casing provided with a shank adapted to be operated by said hammer and to receive blows therefrom, a resilient member, and a peening head thereon adapted to impart blows upon the surface vbeing peened in a lateral direction with respect to the reciprocation of said member, said peening head being actuated by said reciprocating member, said outer casing being provided with an enlarged portion adapted to retard recoiling of the tool from the surface being peened.

10. In combination with an automatic hammer, a peening tool comprising, an outer casing provided at its rear end with a connecting enlargement adapted to engage the end of the hammer, a reciprocating member in said casing provided -with a shank` adapted to engage said hammer and to receive blows therefrom, a collar thereon which is adapted to abut against the bottom of said enlargement to restrict the forward movement of said member, a resilient striking member, and a peening head thereon adapted to impart blows upon the surface being peened in a lateral direction with respect to the reciprocation of said member, said striking member being actuated by said reciprocating member.

11. In' combination with an automatic hammer, a peening tool comprising, an outer casing provided at its rear end with a connecting member adapted to. engage the end of the hammer, said casing having an ining an angular surface adjacent the lirst named angular surface whereby said reciprocating member is adapted to act upon said -angular surfaceto force the peening head outward, said outer casing belng provided with an enlarged portion adapted to revent recoiling of the`too1 from the sur ace being peened.

In testimony whereof I have aiiixed my signature hereto, this 29th day of November, 1929. A

` WILLIAM C. HOLDEN. 

